Laboratory Formula

Standard Deviation Formula Formula

Measures the spread and variability of experimental data.

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Formula Summary

Standard Deviation Formula

Measures the spread and variability of experimental data.

Category
Laboratory
Equation
σ = √(Σ(x - μ)² / N)
Calculator
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Equation

σ = √(Σ(x - μ)² / N)

Variables

  • σ = standard deviation
  • x = individual value
  • μ = mean
  • N = number of values

How to Use This Formula

  1. Identify the known values from the problem statement.
  2. Convert all values into compatible units.
  3. Substitute the values into the equation and calculate the result.
  4. Check that the final answer has the correct unit and meaning.

More Laboratory Formulas

Percent Error

% error = |experimental − accepted| ÷ |accepted| × 100

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Percent Difference

% difference = |A − B| ÷ ((|A| + |B|) ÷ 2) × 100

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Arithmetic Mean

x̄ = Σx ÷ n

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Sample Standard Deviation

s = √(Σ(xᵢ − x̄)² ÷ (n − 1))

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