Mechanics
Learn and calculate important mechanics concepts.
Physics calculation resources
Physics Calculators & Formula Tools
Use our physics calculators to solve common physics problems accurately. Each tool includes formulas, explanations, and worked examples to help students and teachers understand the calculations.
Physics topics
Explore Physics Concepts
Motion
Learn and calculate important motion concepts.
Force and Energy
Learn and calculate important force and energy concepts.
Electricity
Learn and calculate important electricity concepts.
Waves
Learn and calculate important waves concepts.
Rotational Physics
Learn and calculate important rotational physics concepts.
Physics tools
Physics Calculators
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Pulley Calculator
Calculate load force, ideal mechanical advantage, effort force, and rope distance for an ideal pulley system.
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Inclined Plane Calculator
Calculate parallel force, normal force, friction force, net force, and acceleration on an inclined plane.
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Friction Calculator
Calculate static or kinetic friction force, coefficient of friction, or normal force using F = μN.
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Normal Force Calculator
Calculate normal force, mass, or gravity on horizontal and inclined surfaces with optional external forces.
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Weight Calculator
Calculate weight, mass, or gravitational acceleration using W = m × g.
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Force Calculator
Calculate force, mass, or acceleration using Newton's second law.
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Power Calculator
Calculate power, work, or time using the mechanical power formula.
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Ohm's Law Calculator
Calculate voltage, current, resistance, or electrical power using Ohm's law.
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Voltage Divider Calculator
Calculate output voltage, input voltage, or resistor values for an ideal two-resistor voltage divider.
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Current Divider Calculator
Calculate branch current, total current, or either resistance in an ideal two-resistor parallel circuit.
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Wheatstone Bridge Calculator
Calculate unknown resistance, bridge output voltage, or test whether a four-resistor Wheatstone bridge is balanced.
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Kirchhoff's Law Calculator
Calculate an unknown branch current with KCL or an unknown loop voltage with KVL using signed circuit values.
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Series and Parallel Resistance Calculator
Calculate equivalent resistance for two or more resistors connected in series or parallel.
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Voltage Drop Calculator
Calculate conductor voltage drop, current, cable length, cross-sectional area, or electrical resistivity.
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Coulomb's Law Calculator
Calculate electrostatic force, charge, or separation distance using Coulomb's law.
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Electric Field Calculator
Calculate electric field strength, force, charge, or distance using electrostatic field formulas.
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Electric Potential Calculator
Calculate electric potential, source charge, or distance using the point-charge potential formula.
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Magnetic Field Calculator
Calculate magnetic field strength, force, charge, velocity, angle, current, or distance.
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Capacitance Calculator
Calculate capacitance, stored charge, or voltage using the capacitor relationship C = Q/V.
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Capacitor Energy Calculator
Calculate stored capacitor energy, capacitance, charge, or voltage using equivalent energy formulas.
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RC Time Constant Calculator
Calculate RC time constant, resistance, capacitance, charging voltage, discharging voltage, or elapsed time.
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Inductance Calculator
Calculate inductance, coil turns, magnetic flux, current, solenoid area, or coil length.
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Inductor Energy Calculator
Calculate stored inductor energy, inductance, or electric current using E = 1/2 LI².
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RL Time Constant Calculator
Calculate RL time constant, inductance, resistance, current rise, current decay, or elapsed time.
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Inductive Reactance Calculator
Calculate inductive reactance, AC frequency, or inductance using Xₗ = 2πfL.
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Capacitive Reactance Calculator
Calculate capacitive reactance, AC frequency, or capacitance using Xc = 1/(2πfC).
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Resonant Frequency Calculator
Calculate resonant frequency, inductance, or capacitance for ideal LC and RLC circuits.
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RLC Bandwidth Calculator
Calculate RLC circuit bandwidth, resonant frequency, quality factor, and estimated half-power frequencies.
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RLC Quality Factor Calculator
Calculate quality factor, resistance, inductance, capacitance, damping ratio, or bandwidth for a series RLC circuit.
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AC Impedance Calculator
Calculate impedance, resistance, inductive reactance, or capacitive reactance for a series RLC circuit.
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RLC Phase Angle Calculator
Calculate phase angle, resistance, inductive reactance, or capacitive reactance for a series RLC circuit.
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Wave Speed Calculator
Calculate wave speed, frequency, or wavelength using the wave equation.
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Work Calculator
Calculate work, force, or distance using the mechanical work formula.
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Tangential Acceleration Calculator
Calculate tangential acceleration, radius, or angular acceleration using aₜ = rα.
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Tangential Velocity Calculator
Calculate tangential velocity, radius, or angular velocity using v = rω.
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RPM Calculator
Convert RPM, rotational frequency, and angular velocity using RPM = 60f.
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Revolutions Calculator
Calculate revolutions, rotational frequency, time, or angular displacement using N = ft and N = θ / 2π.
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Rotational Frequency Calculator
Calculate rotational frequency, angular velocity, or rotation period using f = ω / 2π.
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Rotational Work Calculator
Calculate rotational work, torque, or angular displacement using W = τθ.
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Rotational Dynamics Calculator
Calculate torque, moment of inertia, or angular acceleration using τ = Iα.
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Angular Impulse Calculator
Calculate angular impulse, torque, or time using J = τt = ΔL.
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Angular Momentum Calculator
Calculate angular momentum, moment of inertia, or angular velocity using L = Iω.
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Rotational Power Calculator
Calculate rotational power, torque, or angular velocity using P = τω.
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Moment of Inertia Calculator
Calculate moment of inertia for point masses, disks, hoops, spheres, shells, and rods.
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Rotational Kinetic Energy Calculator
Calculate rotational kinetic energy, moment of inertia, or angular velocity using KErot = ½Iω².
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Angular Acceleration Calculator
Calculate angular acceleration, angular velocity change, or time using α = Δω ÷ t.
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Angular Displacement Calculator
Calculate angular displacement, angular velocity, or time using θ = ω × t.
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Angular Velocity Calculator
Calculate angular velocity, angular displacement, or time using ω = θ ÷ t.
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Centripetal Acceleration Calculator
Calculate centripetal acceleration, velocity, or radius using ac = v² ÷ r.
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Circular Velocity Calculator
Calculate circular velocity, radius, or period using v = 2πr ÷ T.
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Centripetal Force Calculator
Calculate centripetal force, mass, velocity, or radius using Fc = mv² ÷ r.
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Torque Calculator
Calculate torque, force, or lever-arm distance using τ = Fr.
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Impulse Calculator
Calculate impulse, force, or time interval using J = FΔt.
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Acceleration Due to Gravity Calculator
Calculate gravitational acceleration from the mass and radius of a planet or celestial body using g = GM / r².
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Free Fall Calculator
Calculate free fall distance, final velocity, or fall time using gravity equations.
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Projectile Motion Calculator
Calculate projectile range, maximum height, and flight time using velocity, angle, and gravity.
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Pressure Calculator
Calculate pressure, force, or area using P = F ÷ A.
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Hooke’s Law Calculator
Calculate force, spring constant, or extension using Hooke’s law F = kx.
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Elastic Potential Energy Calculator
Calculate elastic potential energy, spring constant, or extension using E = ½kx².
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Gravitational Potential Energy Calculator
Calculate gravitational potential energy, mass, gravity, or height using PE = mgh.
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Kinetic Energy Calculator
Calculate kinetic energy, mass, or speed using the classical motion-energy formula.
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Momentum Calculator
Calculate momentum, mass, or velocity using the linear momentum formula.
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Distance Calculator
Calculate distance, speed, or time using the motion formula d = v × t.
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Displacement Calculator
Calculate displacement, initial position, or final position using Δx = x₂ − x₁.
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Average Speed Calculator
Calculate average speed, total distance, or elapsed time using s̄ = d ÷ t.
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Average Velocity Calculator
Calculate average velocity, displacement, or elapsed time using v̄ = Δx ÷ Δt.
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Kinematic Equations Calculator
Solve initial velocity, final velocity, acceleration, time, or displacement using four SUVAT equations.
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Acceleration Calculator
Calculate acceleration, initial velocity, final velocity, or time from three known values.
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Density Calculator
Calculate density, mass, or volume using laboratory measurements.
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Specific Heat Calculator
Calculate heat energy, mass, temperature change, or specific heat capacity.
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